Tuberculous serositis, an important form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, is among the common causes of effusionof serous cavityin high TB prevalence areas.Conventionally, the golden standard of diagnosis is being etiologically or histologically positive, but the problems are long culture time and low sensitivity of mycobacteria, and histological tests are traumatic. In an effort to find a more efficient method of diagnosis, Liu Xiaoqing, Zhang Lifan, Zhang Yueqiu and others from the department of infectious disease, PUMCH carried out a prospective study to evaluate assays based on cellular immunology on 206 in-patients who were suspected of tuberculous serositis between 2008 and 2011. Their findings revealed that in highly prevalent areas, T-SPOT.TB on serous fluid as compared with that on peripheralblood, is more sensitive and specific as a supplementary method of diagnosis. This study was published in the January 2014 issue of Plos One.